The criminal justice system is replete with challenges to rehabilitation. Traditional responses to treating violence and aggression, including incarcerating offenders, are ineffective. This is particularly true when dealing with youth, for whom the intersections of low socio-economic status, mental health issues, and race can create a pressing crisis and high rates of reoffending. Increasingly punitive strategies to reduce crime have not produced the desired results. Furthermore, there is minimally adequate research on which to base “what works” with offenders (Sherman et al., 1998). Many of the same problems that were endemic to prison life in the early 1970s — overcrowding; too much time spent in cells; gang rape; the curtailment of movement, association, and contact with the outside world; lack of program capacity; the paucity of meaningful prison work or vocational skills training; and the polarization between inmates and custodial staff — continue to be features of contemporary correctional practice.