Family homelessness is associated with adverse outcomes in mothers and their young children. Evidence‐based programs are needed to support the socioemotional needs of these families. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the perceived benefits of participating in a mindfulness program in mother–child dyads receiving services at a therapeutic nursery serving homeless children under the age of 3 years. A convenience sample of 17 predominantly African American mothers participated in in‐depth qualitative interviews. Four themes were derived from the data regarding the perceived benefits of the mindfulness program: “me” time, maternal self‐regulation, dyadic connectedness, and child well‐being. Results demonstrate the perceived benefits of mindfulness on the parent–child relationship and have important implications for families at an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Because homelessness and residential instability confer considerable risk for young children, interventions to support effective parenting are critical.
Based upon suggestions that the two cerebral hemispheres may be differentially involved in the perception and regulation of autonomic activity, three studies were designed to explore differences in the relationship between left versus right hand finger tapping and the heartbeat. In each study, right-handed subjects were asked to tap with either their left versus right forefingers regularly at the rate of approximately once per second. When the time from the R-spike immediately preceding their tap to the tap was examined, a significant difference between the two hands was obtained in two of the studies, with the left hand tapping closer to the last R-spike compared with the right. A variety of additional conditions in the experiments suggest that this effect may depend upon tapping rhythmically. The implications of these findings for the differential role of the left and right hemispheres in the perception and regulation of cardiac activity are considered.
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Written for parents and for professionals working with children and their parents, this book demonstrates that children's social development must be given paramount importance in order for them to achieve long-term school success. The book shows parents how to be effective caregivers by knowing what to realistically expect from a child based on a well-illustrated developmental timetable and an appreciation for individual differences. In addition to providing "how-to" for managing challenges ranging from a child's autonomy to homework assignments, the book dispels popular misconceptions about children that can impede healthy parent-child interaction and child development. The three parts of the book deal with home environment, the school experience, and challenges to parenthood. The chapters, which include implications for academic performance and parenting strategies for supporting academic success, are as follows: (1) "Typical and Atypical Child Development"; (2) "Early Preparation for School Adjustment"; (3) "Discipline: The Basis for Learning and Achievement"; (4) "Nursery School: Passion, Pretend, and Practicing"; (5) "Elementary School: Latency--The Age of Industry"; (6) "Middle School: Puberty--Upheaval and Biological Change"; (7) "High School: Adolescence--A Normative Crisis"; (8) "College: Late Adolescence and Early Adulthood--Consolidation and Stabilization; (9) "Homework and School Achievement: Whose Homework Is It Anyhow?"; (10) "Working Mothers: Myths and Reality; (11) Divorce: Changing Cultural Attitudes and Concerns"; (12) "Parenting Gone Awry: Good Intentions and Unintended Consequences"; and (13) "Summary and Conclusions." Contains 95 references. (HTH)
In the ancient contemplative practice known as lectio divina, sacred texts were read slowly and carefully while listeners attended to the sounds of the performance. Rather than reading analytically for specific interpretations, participants in this mindful listening practice observed the sensory experience of sounds, allowing meanings to emerge in the mind of their own accord. Many mindfulness- and acceptance-based psychological interventions make use of similar poetry listening practices. This study examined state mindfulness among undergraduate students when listening to series of brief poetic texts. Several participant characteristics, including facets of dispositional mindfulness, psychological flexibility, self-compassion, and compassion for others, were examined as potential predictors of both state mindfulness during the practice and the perceived value of mindful listening. The “observing” facet of dispositional mindfulness significantly predicted both the “decentering” and “curiosity” dimensions of state mindfulness. Qualitative analyses revealed participants’ perspectives concerning their engagement in the experiential practice.
Imaginez un programme en 8 semaines qui puisse vous libérer du stress, de l'anxiété, de la déprime ou de la dépression simplement en vous enseignant de nouvelles manières de répondre à vos propres pensées et sentiments… Ce programme existe : c'est la thérapie cognitive basée sur la pleine conscience. Depuis de nombreuses années, il a fait ses preuves partout dans le monde.Ce manuel de méditation anti-déprime a été conçu comme une véritable immersion dans le programme. Vous y trouverez des méditations à faire chez vous semaine après semaine, des questions de réflexion, des outils pour mesurer vos progrès… Grâce aux nombreux exercices enregistrés, vous pourrez vous entraîner et vous exercer à tout moment, afin de tirer au maximum parti du programme.
Un livre pour vous guider pas à pas sur le chemin du changement !
Imaginez un programme en 8 semaines qui puisse vous libérer du stress, de l'anxiété, de la déprime ou de la dépression simplement en vous enseignant de nouvelles manières de répondre à vos propres pensées et sentiments… Ce programme existe : c'est la thérapie cognitive basée sur la pleine conscience. Depuis de nombreuses années, il a fait ses preuves partout dans le monde.Ce manuel de méditation anti-déprime a été conçu comme une véritable immersion dans le programme. Vous y trouverez des méditations à faire chez vous semaine après semaine, des questions de réflexion, des outils pour mesurer vos progrès… Grâce aux nombreux exercices enregistrés, vous pourrez vous entraîner et vous exercer à tout moment, afin de tirer au maximum parti du programme.
Un livre pour vous guider pas à pas sur le chemin du changement !
Introduction au monde de la mďecine indienne, tibťaine et chinoise. Les techniques et les pratiques sont illustrěs de faȯn dťaillě grće ̉une riche iconographie qui donne ̉voir planches anatomiques, herbiers, praticiens au travail, instruments mďicaux et chirurgicaux, amulettes de guřisseurs et repršentations de divinitš.
Le livre que vous tenez entre les mains est consacré aux techniques de méditation en pleine conscience. Associant tradition orientale et thérapie cognitive, ces techniques, scientifiquement validées, ont fait la preuve de leur efficacité. Non seulement elles aident à guérir et à prévenir la maladie dépressive, mais elles permettent, pratiquées régulièrement, de retrouver le goût simple de la vie. Lisez, pratiquez et jugez par vous-même ! « Ce guide lucide, à la fois rigoureux dans sa démarche scientifique et éclairant dans son approche pratique, offre une planche de salut pour retrouver la liberté intérieure, la joie de vivre et l'ouverture au monde, et pour éviter de sombrer à nouveau dans un gouffre sans lumière. » Matthieu Ricard. « Révolutionnaire... Un guide vraiment utile pour atteindre l'équilibre émotionnel. Je recommande au plus haut point ce livre et le CD qui l'accompagne. »Daniel Goleman, auteur de L'Intelligence émotionnelle. Mark Williams est professeur de psychologie clinique à l'Université d'Oxford en Grande-Bretagne. John Teasdale, chercheur, travaille au département de psychiatrie de l'Université d'Oxford et à l'unité de neurosciences de l'Université de Cambridge, en Grande-Bretagne. Zindel Segal, psychothérapeute, dirige l'unité de thérapie cognitivo-comportementale au centre Addiction et Santé mentale de Toronto, au Canada. Jon Kabat-Zinn est professeur émérite de médecine à l'Université du Massachusetts, aux États-Unis.
Le livre que vous tenez entre les mains est consacré aux techniques de méditation en pleine conscience. Associant tradition orientale et thérapie cognitive, ces techniques, scientifiquement validées, ont fait la preuve de leur efficacité. Non seulement elles aident à guérir et à prévenir la maladie dépressive, mais elles permettent, pratiquées régulièrement, de retrouver le goût simple de la vie. Lisez, pratiquez et jugez par vous-même ! « Ce guide lucide, à la fois rigoureux dans sa démarche scientifique et éclairant dans son approche pratique, offre une planche de salut pour retrouver la liberté intérieure, la joie de vivre et l'ouverture au monde, et pour éviter de sombrer à nouveau dans un gouffre sans lumière. » Matthieu Ricard. « Révolutionnaire... Un guide vraiment utile pour atteindre l'équilibre émotionnel. Je recommande au plus haut point ce livre et le CD qui l'accompagne. »Daniel Goleman, auteur de L'Intelligence émotionnelle. Mark Williams est professeur de psychologie clinique à l'Université d'Oxford en Grande-Bretagne. John Teasdale, chercheur, travaille au département de psychiatrie de l'Université d'Oxford et à l'unité de neurosciences de l'Université de Cambridge, en Grande-Bretagne. Zindel Segal, psychothérapeute, dirige l'unité de thérapie cognitivo-comportementale au centre Addiction et Santé mentale de Toronto, au Canada. Jon Kabat-Zinn est professeur émérite de médecine à l'Université du Massachusetts, aux États-Unis.
This chapter focuses on randomized controlled clinical trials in order to examine the highest level of evidence for the use of meditation and relaxation as adjuncts to psychotherapy for common DSM conditions. It identifies a set of techniques that are either empirically supported or probably effective for specific problems. The strategy for reviewing the literature for this chapter involves searching the Medline, Cochrane, DARE, and PsychInfo databases for keywords such as meditation, mindfulness, TM, Zen, relaxation, relaxation techniques, and stress management. It then culled the results and extracted those that included randomized clinical trials (either by keyword or by perusal of the methodologies) or randomized trials with subjects who met interview or psychometric criteria of pathology (i.e., subjects recruited in the media who scored in clinical ranges of depression inventories). It then excluded studies of patients with primarily physical problems (i.e., interventions on pain in cancer patients). If relevant, it included studies referenced that did not appear in computer searches as long as they met the other inclusion requirements. It provides a set of randomized controlled trials on patients or subjects primarily with DSM axis 1 diagnoses.
Social cognition is the scientific study of the cognitive events underlying social thought and attitudes. Currently, the field's prevailing theoretical perspectives are the traditional schema view and embodied cognition theories. Despite important differences, these perspectives share the seemingly uncontroversial notion that people interpret and evaluate a given social stimulus using knowledge about similar stimuli. However, research in cognitive linguistics (e.g., Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) suggests that people construe the world in large part through conceptual metaphors, which enable them to understand abstract concepts using knowledge of superficially dissimilar, typically more concrete concepts. Drawing on these perspectives, we propose that social cognition can and should be enriched by an explicit recognition that conceptual metaphor is a unique cognitive mechanism that shapes social thought and attitudes. To advance this metaphor-enriched perspective, we introduce the metaphoric transfer strategy as a means of empirically assessing whether metaphors influence social information processing in ways that are distinct from the operation of schemas alone. We then distinguish conceptual metaphor from embodied simulation--the mechanism posited by embodied cognition theories--and introduce the alternate source strategy as a means of empirically teasing apart these mechanisms. Throughout, we buttress our claims with empirical evidence of the influence of metaphors on a wide range of social psychological phenomena. We outline directions for future research on the strength and direction of metaphor use in social information processing. Finally, we mention specific benefits of a metaphor-enriched perspective for integrating and generating social cognitive research and for bridging social cognition with neighboring fields.
For millennia, humans have focused their attention on the breath to develop mindfulness, but finding a scientific way to harness mindful breathing has proven elusive. Existing attempts to objectively measure and feedback on mindfulness have relied on specialist external hardware including electroencephalograms or respirometers that have been impractical for the majority of people learning to meditate. Consequently, training in the key skill of breath-awareness has lacked practical objective measures and guidance to enhance training. Here, we provide a brief technology report on an invention, The MindfulBreather® that addresses these issues. The technology is available to download embedded in a smartphone app that targets, measures and feedbacks on mindfulness of breathing in realtime to enhance training. The current paper outlines only the technological concept with future studies quantifying efficacy, validity and reliability to be reported elsewhere. The MindfulBreather works by generating Motion Guided Mindfulness through interacting gyroscopic and touchscreen sensors in a three phase process: Mindfulness Induction (Phase I) gives standardized instruction to users to place their smartphone on their abdomen, breathe mindfully and to tap only at the peak of their inhalation. The smartphone’s gyroscope detects periodic tilts during breathing to generate sinusoidal waveforms. Waveform-tap patterns are analyzed to determine whether the user is mindfully tapping only at the correct phase of the breathing cycle, indicating psychobiological synchronization. Mindfulness Maintenance (Phase II) provides reinforcing pleasant feedback sounds each time a breath is mindfully tapped at the right time, and the App records a mindful breath. Lastly, data-driven Insights are fed back to the user (Phase III), including the number of mindful breaths tapped and breathing rate reductions associated with parasympathetic engagement during meditation. The new MGM technology is then evaluated and contrasted with traditional mindfulness approaches and a novel Psychobiological Synchronization Model is proposed. In summary, unlike existing technology, the MindfulBreather requires no external hardware and repurposes regular smartphones to deliver app-embedded Motion-Guided Mindfulness. Technological applications include reducing mindwandering and down-regulation of the brain’s default mode through enhanced mindful awareness. By objectively harnessing breath awareness, The MindfulBreather aims to realize the ancient human endeavor of mindfulness for the 21st century.
Abstract
Interest into the rehabilitative utility of Buddhist-derived interventions (BDIs) for incarcerated populations has been growing. The present paper systematically reviews the evidence for BDIs in correctional settings. Five databases were systematically searched. Controlled intervention studies of BDIs that utilized incarcerated samples were included. Jadad scoring was used to evaluate methodological quality. PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) guidelines were followed. The initial search yielded 85 papers, but only eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The eight eligible studies comprised two mindfulness studies, four vipassana meditation studies, and two studies utilizing other BDIs. Intervention participants demonstrated significant improvements across five key criminogenic variables: (i) negative affect, (ii) substance use (and related attitudes), (iii) anger and hostility, (iv) relaxation capacity, and (v) self-esteem and optimism. There were a number of major quality issues. It is concluded that BDIs may be feasible and effective rehabilitative interventions for incarcerated populations. However, if the potential suitability and efficacy of BDIs for prisoner populations is to be evaluated in earnest, it is essential that methodological rigor is substantially improved. Studies that can overcome the ethical issues relating to randomization in correctional settings and employ robust randomized controlled trial designs are favored.
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Cognitive Reactivity (CR) refers to the degree to which a mild dysphoric state reactivates negative thinking patterns, and it has been found to play a key causal role in depressive relapse. Although Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) directly aims to address this mechanism of CR, the relationship between mindfulness and CR has not been tested to date. Using a cross-sectional design (Study 1; n = 164) and a non-randomized waiting list controlled design (Study 2; MBCT [n = 18] vs. waiting list [n = 21]), the authors examined the relationship between naturally occurring levels of mindfulness (Study 1) and MBCT (Study 2) on the one hand, and CR on the other hand. In line with predictions, it was found that (a) trait mindfulness is significantly negatively correlated with CR, even when controlled for current depressive symptoms and prior history of depression (Study 1), and that (b) MBCT, compared to a matched control group, significantly reduces CR, and that this effect of MBCT on reduction of CR is mediated by a positive change in mindfulness skills (Study 2). Results provide first evidence for the claim that mindfulness practices in MBCT are designed to address the process of CR.
Cognitive Reactivity (CR) refers to the degree to which a mild dysphoric state reactivates negative thinking patterns, and it has been found to play a key causal role in depressive relapse. Although Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) directly aims to address this mechanism of CR, the relationship between mindfulness and CR has not been tested to date. Using a cross-sectional design (Study 1; n = 164) and a non-randomized waiting list controlled design (Study 2; MBCT [n = 18] vs. waiting list [n = 21]), the authors examined the relationship between naturally occurring levels of mindfulness (Study 1) and MBCT (Study 2) on the one hand, and CR on the other hand. In line with predictions, it was found that (a) trait mindfulness is significantly negatively correlated with CR, even when controlled for current depressive symptoms and prior history of depression (Study 1), and that (b) MBCT, compared to a matched control group, significantly reduces CR, and that this effect of MBCT on reduction of CR is mediated by a positive change in mindfulness skills (Study 2). Results provide first evidence for the claim that mindfulness practices in MBCT are designed to address the process of CR.
"Grounded in extensive research and clinical experience, this book describes how to adapt mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for participants who struggle with recurrent suicidal thoughts and impulses. Relevant to all mindfulness teachers, a comprehensive framework is presented for understanding suicidality and its underlying vulnerabilities. The preliminary intake interview and each of the eight group mindfulness sessions of MBCT are discussed in detail, highlighting issues that need to be taken into account with highly vulnerable people. Assessment guidelines are provided and strategies for safely teaching core mindfulness practices are illustrated with extensive case examples. The book also discusses how to develop the required mindfulness teacher skills and competencies. Purchasers get access to a companion website featuring downloadable audio recordings of the guided mindfulness practices, narrated by Zindel V. Segal, J. Mark G. Williams, and John D. Teasdale. See also Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression, Second Edition, by Zindel V. Segal, J. Mark G. Williams, and John D. Teasdale, the authoritative presentation of MBCT"--
"Grounded in extensive research and clinical experience, this book describes how to adapt mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for participants who struggle with recurrent suicidal thoughts and impulses. Relevant to all mindfulness teachers, a comprehensive framework is presented for understanding suicidality and its underlying vulnerabilities. The preliminary intake interview and each of the eight group mindfulness sessions of MBCT are discussed in detail, highlighting issues that need to be taken into account with highly vulnerable people. Assessment guidelines are provided and strategies for safely teaching core mindfulness practices are illustrated with extensive case examples. The book also discusses how to develop the required mindfulness teacher skills and competencies. Purchasers get access to a companion website featuring downloadable audio recordings of the guided mindfulness practices, narrated by Zindel V. Segal, J. Mark G. Williams, and John D. Teasdale. See also Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression, Second Edition, by Zindel V. Segal, J. Mark G. Williams, and John D. Teasdale, the authoritative presentation of MBCT"--
The development of the Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy Adherence Scale (MBCT‐AS) is described. This 17‐item scale measures therapist adherence to the treatment protocol for Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), a treatment for the prevention of recurrence in Major Depressive Disorder. The MBCT‐AS assesses therapist behaviours specific to (MBCT) as well as therapy practices that MBCT shares with Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT). To determine the utility of this scale, we compared delivery of group MBCT against group CBT, with independent ratings of taped sessions provided to measure adherence to MBCT and CBT for therapists in both groups. The results showed that: (a) raters can reliably use the MBCT‐AS; (b) MBCT therapists demonstrated adherence to the treatment protocol, as measured by the MBCT‐AS; and (c) MBCT is distinguishable from CBT on both the MBCT‐AS and a scale measuring adherence to CBT (CBT‐AS). These findings indicate that the MBCT‐AS may be a useful tool for ensuring the proper delivery of MBCT in future research, and may be helpful in determining the elements of MBCT that are unique to that treatment.
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